@PhDThesis{Furtado:2018:CoHaUm,
author = "Furtado, Michelle Andrade",
title = "O complexo da hantavirose em um p{\'o}lo sucroalcooleiro do
Estado de S{\~a}o Paulo investigado pela an{\'a}lise funcional
da paisagem",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2018",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2018-02-28",
keywords = "s{\'{\i}}ndrome cardiopulmonar por hantav{\'{\i}}rus,
hantav{\'{\i}}rus, uso e ocupa{\c{c}}{\~a}o da terra,
an{\'a}lise da paisagem, cana de a{\c{c}}{\'u}car, hantavirus
pulmonary syndrome, land-use and land-cover, landscape analysis,
sugarcane.",
abstract = "A S{\'{\i}}ndrome Cardiopulmonar por Hantav{\'{\i}}rus (SCPH),
tamb{\'e}m conhecida como hantavirose, {\'e} doen{\c{c}}a
infecciosa grave. No estado de S{\~a}o Paulo para o
per{\'{\i}}odo de 1993 a fevereiro de 2017 apresentou-se uma
taxa de letalidade de 53,3%, sendo as microrregi{\~o}es de
Ribeir{\~a}o Preto e S{\~a}o Carlos as que notificaram o maior
n{\'u}mero de casos. Nesta regi{\~a}o se estabeleceu uma
economia ligada ao setor sucroalcooleiro que contribuiu para
altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es nos usos e coberturas da terra
reconfigurando a paisagem regional. Este trabalho parte da
hip{\'o}tese que as altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es nesta paisagem,
associadas {\`a} cadeia sucroalcooleira, afetaram os arranjos de
localiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o e produziram novos espa{\c{c}}os
potenciais para o encontro entre roedores (reposit{\'o}rios) e
homens e s{\~a}o parte importante para a compreens{\~a}o da
emerg{\^e}ncia de novos padr{\~o}es epidemiol{\'o}gicos
relacionados {\`a} produ{\c{c}}{\~a}o da hantavirose nestes
territ{\'o}rios. Para tratar a complexidade destas
rela{\c{c}}{\~o}es e as velocidades e intensidades destas
transforma{\c{c}}{\~o}es tem faltado um arcabou{\c{c}}o
te{\'o}rico-conceitual consistente em que se possa formular esta
quest{\~a}o de maneira integrada, que observe a natureza das
intera{\c{c}}{\~o}es entre o homem e o seu ambiente. Dessa
forma, este estudo busca nos trabalhos seminais do in{\'{\i}}cio
do s{\'e}culo XX as bases conceituais para trabalhar as
rela{\c{c}}{\~o}es sa{\'u}de-ambiente em um contexto de
mudan{\c{c}}as ambientais e clim{\'a}ticas no s{\'e}culo XXI, o
conceito de foco natural de doen{\c{c}}as transmiss{\'{\i}}veis
de Evgeny Nikanorovich Pavlovsky e o conceito de complexo
patog{\^e}nico de Maximillian Sorre. O objetivo deste estudo foi
propor uma metodologia que seja capaz de localizar, caracterizar,
medir e representar a din{\^a}mica espa{\c{c}}o-temporal das
{\'a}reas de contato potencial que se estabelecem entre o
reservat{\'o}rio do hantav{\'{\i}}rus e a popula{\c{c}}{\~a}o
de humanos utilizando como eixo metodol{\'o}gico a an{\'a}lise
funcional da paisagem. Para tanto, foram realizadas 3
an{\'a}lises principais: 1ª - Tipologia de padr{\~o}es de
paisagem de interesse ao complexo da hantavirose, onde cada
padr{\~a}o representa o potencial de presen{\c{c}}a dos roedores
reservat{\'o}rios do hantav{\'{\i}}rus e as possibilidades de
contato com a popula{\c{c}}{\~a}o humana; 2ª - Tipologia de
borda da paisagem para a classe Cerrado (principal habitat do
reservat{\'o}rio do hantav{\'{\i}}rus) e para as classes Urbano
e Ch{\'a}cara (classes com maior concentra{\c{c}}{\~a}o Humana)
que expresse o contato potencial entre o roedor reservat{\'o}rio
do hantav{\'{\i}}rus e humanos e analisar a {\'a}rea de estudo
com o uso de m{\'e}tricas de contraste de borda; 3ª - Identificar
setores censit{\'a}rios que apresentem condi{\c{c}}{\~o}es
sociais e ambientais relativas {\`a}s moradias e {\`a}
popula{\c{c}}{\~a}o que sejam mais suscet{\'{\i}}veis ao
contato potencial entre roedores reservat{\'o}rios do
hantav{\'{\i}}rus e humanos utilizando para isso um indicador
sint{\'e}tico, o {\'{\I}}ndice S{\'o}cio-Ambiental do
Hantav{\'{\i}}rus (ISAH). Essa metodologia foi aplicada {\`a}s
microrregi{\~o}es de Ribeir{\~a}o Preto e S{\~a}o Carlos em
dois momentos no tempo, 2003 e 2010. Os resultados apontaram que
os padr{\~o}es de paisagem mais encontrados na regi{\~a}o de
estudo foram Cana-de-a{\c{c}}{\'u}car e mosaicos de cobertura
(PX) e Mosaico de agricultura exceto cana-de-a{\c{c}}{\'u}car e
mosaicos de cobertura (PIX). A trajet{\'o}ria destes padr{\~o}es
de paisagem os definem como respons{\'a}veis pelas maiores
reestrutura{\c{c}}{\~o}es no espa{\c{c}}o produzido na
regi{\~a}o. A literatura aponta que esses padr{\~o}es de
paisagem s{\~a}o habitats onde os roedores reservat{\'o}rio do
hantav{\'{\i}}rus tendem a dominar, onde a soropreval{\^e}ncia
para o hantav{\'{\i}}rus entre esses roedores tende a ser maior
e um local onde as pessoas tamb{\'e}m est{\~a}o presentes, o que
condiz com essa ser a regi{\~a}o com maior n{\'u}mero de casos
da doen{\c{c}}a no Estado de S{\~a}o Paulo. A tipologia de
bordas da paisagem para a classe Cerrado mostrou uma
simplifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o da paisagem em {\'a}reas onde as
lavouras de cana-de-a{\c{c}}{\'u}car j{\'a} est{\~a}o xii
estabelecidas h{\'a} mais tempo, e dominam uma grande parte do
territ{\'o}rio, sendo que essas {\'a}reas notificaram grande
parte do n{\'u}mero de casos da regi{\~a}o. Esse resultado traz
um alerta {\`a}s {\'a}reas que ainda n{\~a}o notificaram casos
de SCPH e est{\~a}o cada vez mais com suas {\'a}reas destinadas
a essas grandes lavouras de cana-de-a{\c{c}}{\'u}car. Al{\'e}m
disso, os padr{\~o}es de paisagem PX e PIX, que j{\'a} davam
suporte {\`a} presen{\c{c}}a humana na realiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
suas atividades laborais, est{\~a}o cada vez mais pr{\'o}ximos
de {\'a}reas urbanas, constituindo as franjas peri-urbanas das
cidades deste espa{\c{c}}o regional, com isso, ampliando as
chances de contato entre reservat{\'o}rios e o homem. Esta
situa{\c{c}}{\~a}o reconfigura o espa{\c{c}}o de
produ{\c{c}}{\~a}o da doen{\c{c}}a e cria novas {\'a}reas de
exposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o potencial, o que se constitui como parte do
quadro de mudan{\c{c}}a para a emerg{\^e}ncia de novos
padr{\~o}es epidemiol{\'o}gicos locais e, assim, novas
possibilidades de leitura para o complexo patol{\'o}gico
associado {\`a} SCPH no estado de S{\~a}o Paulo. O padr{\~a}o
PX, que representa a cana-de-a{\c{c}}{\'u}car, foi o {\'u}nico
padr{\~a}o que analisado conjuntamente com ISAH obteve
correla{\c{c}}{\~a}o com os munic{\'{\i}}pios que j{\'a}
notificaram casos de SCPH, demonstrando que as
condi{\c{c}}{\~o}es da paisagem, modificadas pelo complexo da
cana-de-a{\c{c}}{\'u}car, aliadas {\`a}s condi{\c{c}}{\~o}es
prec{\'a}rias das fam{\'{\i}}lias e dos domic{\'{\i}}lios
s{\~a}o um preditor ao contato potencial ao hantav{\'{\i}}rus.
ABSTRACT: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a serious
infectious disease. In the state of S{\~a}o Paulo for the period
from 1993 to February 2017, it presented a case fatality rate of
53.3%, with the micro-regions of Ribeir{\~a}o Preto and S{\~a}o
Carlos reporting the highest number of cases. In this region was
established an economy linked to the sugar and alcohol sector that
contributed to changes in land uses and coverages reconfiguring
the regional landscape. This work is based on the hypothesis that
changes in this landscape, associated with the sugar - alcohol
chain, affected the location arrangements and produced new
potential spaces for the encounter between rodents (repositories)
and men and are an important part for understanding the emergence
of new epidemiological related patterns the production of
hantavirus in these territories. To deal with the complexity of
these relations and the velocities and intensities of these
transformations there has been a lack of a theoretical-conceptual
framework in which this question can be formulated in an
integrated way, observing the nature of the interactions between
man and his environment. Evgeny Nikanorovich Pavlovsky's concept
of the natural focus of transmissible diseases in the early
twentieth century was the conceptual basis for working on
health-environment relations in a context of environmental and
climatic changes in the 21st century concept of pathogenic complex
of Maximillian Sorre. The objective of this study was to propose a
methodology that is able to locate, characterize, measure and
represent the spatiotemporal dynamics of potential contact areas
established between the hantavirus reservoir and the human
population using the functional analysis of landscape. In order to
do so, three main analyzes were carried out: 1 - Typology of
landscape patterns of interest to the hantavirus complex, where
each pattern represents the potential presence of rodents
reservoirs of hantavirus and the possibilities of contact with the
human population; 2 - Landscape edge typology for the Cerrado
class (main habitat of the hantavirus reservoir) and for Urban and
Farmstead classes (classes with higher human concentration) that
express the potential contact between the rodent reservoir of
hantavirus and humans and to analyze the area study with the use
of edge contrast metrics; 3 - Identify census tracts that present
social and environmental conditions related to housing and
population that are more susceptible to potential contact between
rodent reservoirs of hantavirus and humans using a synthetic
indicator, the Hantavirus Socio-Environmental Index (HSEI). This
methodology was applied to the micro regions of Ribeir{\~a}o
Preto and S{\~a}o Carlos at two points in time, 2003 and 2010.
The results showed that the most common landscape patterns in the
study region were Sugarcane and cover mosaics (PX) and Mosaic of
agriculture except sugar cane and cover mosaics (PIX). The
trajectory of these landscape patterns defines them as responsible
for the major restructurings in the space produced in the region.
The literature points out that these xiv landscape patterns are
habitats where rodent reservoirs of hantavirus tend to dominate,
where the seroprevalence for hantavirus among these rodents tend
to be larger and a place where people are also present, which
suits that being the region with the highest number of cases of
the disease in the State of S{\~a}o Paulo. The landscape edge
typology for the Cerrado class showed a simplification of the
landscape in areas where sugarcane plantations have already been
established for a long time, and dominate a large part of the
territory, and these areas have notified a large part of the
number of region cases. This result brings an alert to the areas
that have not yet notified cases of HPS and are increasingly with
their areas destined to these large sugar cane plantations. In
addition, the PX and PIX landscape patterns, which already
supported human presence in the performance of their work
activities, are increasingly close to urban areas, constituting
the peri-urban fringes of the cities of this regional space,
thereby expanding the chances of contact between reservoirs and
man. This situation reconfigures the area of production of the
disease and creates new areas of potential exposure, which is part
of the change framework for the emergence of new local
epidemiological patterns and, therefore, new reading possibilities
for the pathological complex associated with HPS in the state of
SP. The PX standard, which represents sugarcane, was the only
standard that analyzed together with ISAH, obtained a correlation
with the municipalities that have reported cases of HPS,
demonstrating that the conditions of the landscape, modified by
the sugarcane complex, allied to the conditions households are a
predictor of potential contact with hantavirus.",
committee = "Kampel, Silvana Amaral (presidente) and Monteiro, Ant{\^o}nio
Miguel Vieira (orientador) and Escada, Maria Isabel Sobral
(orientadora) and K{\"o}rting, Thales Sehn and Barcellos Neto,
Christovam de Castro and Kiffer, Carlos Roberto Veiga",
englishtitle = "The complex of hantavirosis in a sucroalcooler pole of the State
of S{\~a}o Paulo investigated by the functional analysis of the
landscape.",
language = "pt",
pages = "135",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3QJH7AH",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3QJH7AH",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}